 Bangladesh-Japan Joint Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Project:
Implementing Agency: Bangladesh Scouts and Scout Association of Japan. Project Duration: Five years (1998 to 2002)
Project components: ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy), child health care, personal hygiene, sanitation, nutrition and diearrheal management
Implementation Strategy: Dissemination of messages and Demonstration of skills through Child-to-Child and Child-to-Community approach.
Project Area: 30 Bangladeshi villages covering around 6000 families.
Knowledge Relating to Diarrhea and ORT:
Types of Knowledge |
Baseline
(Percentage)
N=279 |
End evaluation
(Percentage)
N=301 |
Disposal of waste in open place cause disease |
64.9 |
95.7 |
Necessity of hand washing before eating and after defecation |
69.2 |
97.3 |
Demerits of improper child waste disposal |
71.0 |
97.0 |
Demerits of using toilet in barefoot |
66.3 |
94.7 |
Sanitation Practice:
Type of sanitation practice |
Baseline
(Percentage) |
End evaluation (Percentage) |
a. Type of latrine used
No latrine
Sanitary/water seal
Pit
Open latrine |
21.1
42.3
16.8
19.8 |
08.3
60.8
21.6
09.3 |
| b. Sources of water for cooking and cleaning in the kitchen
Tube well
Pond
River water |
54.1
38.7
07.2 |
80.4
18.9
00.7 |
| c. Sources of drinking water
Tube well
Pond
Well/others |
93.9
04.7
01.4 |
97.7
01.7
01.0 |
| d. Place of disposal of waste
Hole or fixed place
Any where
Water bodies |
70.6
26.2
03.2 |
78.1
12.0
10.0 |
Sanitation Practices Relating to Defecation and Child Waste Disposal:
| Type of practice |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
| a. Use of soap/ash after defecation
Used
Not used |
59.5
40.5 |
96.7
03.3 |
| b. Place of Disposal of child excreta
No child
Toilet
Garbage hole/water bodies
Any where |
14.3
15.4
35.3
35.0 |
13.6
35.9
37.5
13.0 |
| c. Use of sandal during defecation
Yes
No |
65.6
34.4 |
89.4
10.6 |
Knowledge Relating to Diarrhea and ORT:
Type of knowledge |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
Symptoms of diarrhea |
33.4 |
64.0 |
Three golden rules for diarrhea management |
60.2 |
89.7 |
ORS preparation |
60.2 |
90.4 |
Correct method of ORS preparation. |
59.5 |
88.0 |
LGS or home made saline preparation. |
58.8 |
95.7 |
Correct method of LGS preparation. |
59.5 |
92.7 |
Diarrhea attack creates malnutrition |
55.9 |
94.0 |
Time of shifting diarrhea patients to Hospitals |
26.3 |
69.4 |
Respondent's Knowledge on Health and Sanitation
Low High
Level of Health and Sanitation Knowledge:
Level of Health and Sanitation Practice:
Respondent's Health and Sanitation Practices
Knowledge on Food intake of Mother and Child Feeding:
| Type of knowledge |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
Breastfeeding immediately after birth |
58.1 |
98.0 |
Exclusive breastfeeding up to 5 months |
53.0 |
95.0 |
Pregnant/lactating mothers need more nutrition than male. |
58.1 |
92.7 |
Knowledge score on food intake of mother and children's feeding practices
Knowledge Score Food intake of Mother and Child Feeding.
Practice score of food intake of mother and children's feeding practices
Practice Score Food Intake of Mother and Child Feeding.
Practice Relating to Food intake of Mother and Child Feeding:
| Type of practice |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
Exclusive breastfeeding |
49.8 |
76.6 |
Weaning food for babies |
65.9 |
45.2 |
Providing more and nutritious food to pregnant and lactating mothers |
45.2 |
73.8 |
Knowledge Relating to Immunization, Vitamin-A and Iodine
Supplementation:
| Type of knowledge |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
p-value |
Immunization of children against 6 diseases within 9 months. |
53.8 |
91.0 |
p=.001 |
Night blindness/blindness due to Vitamin-A deficiency |
61.3 |
93.0 |
p=.001 |
Sources of Vitamin-A (yellow fruit/green vegetable) |
61.6 |
90.7 |
p=.001 |
Iodized salt supplements to cover shortage of iodine in food. |
50.9 |
91.0 |
p=.001 |
Children may be handicapped due to mothers’ less iodine intake |
51.6 |
90.0 |
p=.001 |
Testing procedure of iodized salt |
34.4 |
89.1 |
p=.001 |
Practice Relating to Immunization, Vitamin-A and Iodine Supplementation:
| Type of practice |
Pre(percentage)
N=279 |
Post(percentage)
N=301 |
| Immunization at proper time
Proper time
Improper time |
82.1
05.7 |
80.7
04.0 |
| Feeding of yellow/green vegetables to children
Feed
Not feed |
80.6
09.7 |
79.4
04.3 |
| Intake of Vitamin-A capsule by children
Yes
No |
76.3
12.2 |
75.1
08.6 |
Knowledge score on Immunization, Vitamin A
level of Knowledge Relating to Immunization, Vitamin-A and Iodine Supplementation:
Sustainability of activities:
- A Village Development committee was formed in each of the project villages.
- The local scouts and rovers carried out follow up activities.
Lessons Learned:
-
The knowledge and practice related to ORT, diarrhea management including symptoms of diarrhea, three golden rules, preparation of ORS and LGS (lobon gur solution) or home made saline, normal feeding, extra feeding after diarrhea episode and time of shifting patient to hospital have increased among community people.
-
The knowledge and practice relating to other health issues like sanitation, immunization, supplementation of vitamin-A and iodine in the project villages have also improved significantly.
-
The knowledge and practices related to breastfeeding, weaning practices and food intake of mother have also registered significant changes).
-
The scouts, rovers and non-scout students have developed their knowledge and skills.
-
The young people of Bangladesh and Japan have made a real difference in diarrhea management, ORT and other health and sanitation problems in remote 30 villages in Bangladesh.
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